Agile Web Development with Rails 7
Basics
check project's dependencies/version/etc
When in a rails project dir, check the version of what you have using
rails about
access dev server over the network
Enabling the server to be accessed over the network:
config/environments/development.rb:
config.hosts.clear
Also specify the host to bind with:
rails server -b 0.0.0.0
show web console even when accessing from another host
config/environments/development.rb:
config.web_console.whitelisted_ips = %w(0.0.0.0/0 ::/0)
Web Console has a Path Match input field!!
auto-create controller/actions/views
Create a controller defining some actions (and, consequently, the views):
rails generate controller Say hello goodbye
Concepts
MVC: Model
The model is responsible for maintaining the state of the application. Sometimes this state is transient, lasting for just a couple of interactions with the user. Sometimes the state is permanent and is stored outside the application, often in a database
A model is more than data; it enforces all the business rules that apply to that data. (...) By putting the implementation of business rules in the model, we make sure that nothing else in the application can make our data invalid. The model acts as both aa gatekeeper and a data store.
The mode layer is the gatekeeper between the world of code and the database. Nothing to do with our application comes out of the database or gets stored into the database that doesn't first go through the model.
MVC: View
By embedding code in teh view, we risk adding logic that should be in the model or the controller. As with everything, while judicious use in moderation is healthy, overuse can become a problem. Maintaining a clean separation of concerns is part of the developer's job.
OOP: Object
An object is a combination of state and methods that use that state.
Protected methods
Protected methods can be called both in the same instance and by other instances of the same class and its subclasses.
Modules
Modules serve two purposes:
- Act as a namespace, letting you define methods whose names won't clash with those defined elsewhere.
- Allow sharing functionality among classes.
(...) Multiple classes can mix in the same module, sharing the module's functionality without using inheritance. You can also mix multiple modules into a single class.
Assignment shortcuts a op= b
Just like a += b is equivalent to a = a + b
a ||= b is a shortcut for a = a || b
So count ||= 0 gives count the value 0 if count is nil or false.
The "Depot" app
Kickstarting the project
rails new depot --css tailwind
cd depot
# git commit -m 'rails new depot'
rails generate scaffold Product \
title:string \
description:text \
image_url:string \
price:decimal
# git commit -m 'rails generate scaffold Product'
Edit the *_create_products.rb migration:
# ...
t.decimal :price, precision: 8, scale: 2
# ...
Run the migration:
rails db:migrate
dev # equivalent to `rails server`
# if everything looks fine:
# git commit -m 'specify price precision
Now go to the commit history: https://github.com/meleu/depot/commits/master
Cool things I learned
Model Validation
RegEx security
# pay attention to the \z in the RegEx below
validates :image_url, allow_blank: true, format: {
with: /\.(gif|jpg|png)\z/i,
message: 'must be a URL for GIF, JPG or PNG image'
}
That \z means "end of line". I would use $ here, but when I do it, I receive this error:
ArgumentError: The provided regular expression is using multiline anchors (^ or $), which may present a security risk. Did you mean to use \A and \z, or forgot to add the :multiline => true option?
Tests
Use #invalid? to check if a product can be persisted
product = Product.new
assert product.invalid?